英语常用单词词义辨析.doc

英语常用单词词义辨析 1.?abolish, eliminate, extinguish, cancel?extinct /disappear? （to abolish slavery 废除奴隶制 //She has been eliminated from the swimming race because she did not win any of the practice races. 她已被取消了游泳比赛，因为她在训练中没有得到名次。// to extinguish a fire 灭火 // She cancelled the order.）2.?abridge, shorten, abbreviate? (删节；缩短It was abridged from original work. 这是由原本删节的。 / 削减The rights of citizens must not be abridged. 公民权利不能擅予削减。 / 剥夺abridge one of his rights 剥夺某人的权利 // to shorten a dress 把衣服改短 // 使简短；缩写，节略to abbreviate the December to Dec 把December 简写为 Dec)3.?absurd, foolish, silly, ridiculous (荒谬的Their request is absurd. 他们的要求是荒谬的。// 愚蠢的Its foolish to idle away ones precious time.把大好时光浪费掉是愚蠢的。It was very foolish of you to park the car near the bus stop.你真愚蠢,竟然把汽车停在公共汽车站附近。 // 愚蠢的；糊涂的；傻的；可笑的Dont be silly, that insect cant hurt you. 别傻了，那虫子不会伤你的。Dont stand there, you silly ass!别站在那儿,你这笨蛋! / 昏晕的；懵头转向的I was knocked silly by the blow. 我被那一击打昏了头。 )4.?abundant, plentiful, ample (丰富的； 充足的abundant in petroleum deposits 石油储量丰富 //充足的；充分的We have ample money for the journey. 我们有足够的钱去旅游。Ample food and clothing by working with our own hands.自己动手,丰衣足食。/ 宽敞的；广大的an ample lobby 宽敞的休息室)5.?accelerate, quicken6.?accent, dialect7.?accumulate, amass, gather? (积累，积存He accumulated a good library. 积累了丰富的藏书。accumulate, amass这两个词都可解释为“积累”accumulate 强调“经过一段比较长的时间由少积多的积累”，使用范围较广，似乎凡是数量方面的增长都可以表示。However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate. 然而，随着迹象开始积聚，伦敦动物园的专家们感到有必要进行调查了。amass 强调“大量的聚集”，常用于财富、信息、所有物等的聚集，这种积累可能一下子完成，也可能在短期内完成，也可能在比较长的时间内完成，但是数量总是很大的。People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. 人们倾向于积攒东西，有的并未意识到这样做。//vt, vi（使）聚集，集合The teacher gathered the pupils round her. 老师把小学生们聚集在她周围。Children, gather round, and Miss Alice will tell you a fable.孩子们,大家聚拢点,爱丽丝小姐给你们讲个寓言故事。/收集，搜集to gather information 搜集资料 / 采集；收拾；收获Gather your toys up. 把你的玩具收拾起来。 / 推断；得结论；了解I didnt gather much from the confused story he told me. 他告诉我的故