introductiontoMarieCurie课稿.pptVIP

Madame Marie Curie The Science of Radioactivity * Early Life Born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland Given name was Marya Sklodowska, but her family and friends called her “Little Manya” Early Life Her father was a professor of math and physics Her mother was a pianist, singer, and teacher Her mother died of tuberculosis when Marya was 11 Schooling Graduated from high school at 15 In 1891 she enrolled at the Sorbonne in Paris as “Marie” and graduated in 1893 Pierre She married Pierre Curie in July 1895 Thesis Work She decided that her thesis for her doctorate would be on Henri Becquerel’s mysterious “x-rays” that are given off by uranium Work with Uranium Discovered that if you have a certain amount of uranium, then you get a certain amount of ray intensity, no matter what you did to the material Uranium Marie discovered that there was something going on inside the atom that created the rays, she named this effect “radioactivity” She discovered that the only known elements that were radioactive were uranium and thorium(钍) Radioactivity Polonium（钋） Pierre stopped his work on crystals to work with Marie Marie continued her work, but with a different substance, pitchblende（沥青铀矿） Polonium They called this new substance polonium in honor of Marie’s homeland In July 1898 they extracted a new element that was even more radioactive than uranium Radium In January of 1899 another new element was discovered that was over 1 million times more radioactive than uranium, it was named radium Radium In 1910 Marie isolated pure radium metal Her major studies showed that radium gave out light and heat, as well as being able to damage living flesh Radium In order to obtain one decigram（纯的） of pure radium chloride salt, Marie had to sift through hundreds of tons of pitchblende Properties of Radium Radium is silver-white in color Today it is used in small amounts as a cancer treatment and in fluorescent （荧光的）paint Pierre’s Death Pierre Curie was killed tragically by a