Smart Cities in Europe and the ALMA Logistics Project.docVIP

Smart Cities in Europe and the ALMA Logistics Project 　　Abstract ：In this paper， a brief survey of smart citiy projects in Europe is presented. This survey shows the extent of transport and logistics in smart cities. We concentrate on a smart city project we have been working on that is related to A Logistic Mobile Application （ALMA）. The application is based on Internet of Things and combines a communication infrastructure and a High Performance Computing infrastructure in order to deliver mobile logistic services with high quality of service and adaptation to the dynamic nature of logistic operations. 　　Keywords：smart cities; Internet of Things; logistics; combinatorial optimization; high performance computing 　　1 Introduction 　　The growth of cities has been particularly noticeable in the twentieth century and has raised many issues related to pollution， health， water distribution， logistics， and transport. The concept of smart cities has emerged recently as a way of addressing these issues using technology and social information. The European Union has promoted several smart cities projects with the goal of sustainable development. One of these projects is SmartSantander， a city?scale facility for experimental research on smart?city applications and services that are scalable， flexible， and open. The project involves the deployment of 20，000 sensors in several European cities， including Belgrade， Guildford， Lübeck， and Santander. IoT technologies and user acceptability will be the subjects of experimental research and testing. 　　Logistics and transport is of primary importance in a smart city. For logistics operators who deliver goods to customers， optimizing quality of service， e.g.， ensuring on?time delivery for reasonable cost， is of major concern. This necessitates the optimization of truck loading and vehicle routing. The nature of logistics is dynamic―orders or cancellations may be made at any time， and transportation difficulties may arise at any