学生打印稿 英语讲义.docx

Unit 1 Lexical ComparisonObjectives To be aware of the interrelationship between culture and language.To know the lexical differences between Chinese and English.To instruct the effect of lexical differences on TranslationTo grasp the translating strategies for Lexical Gap and Lexical ConflictPart I Warming-up What is the interrelationship between culture and language?What lexical differences between Chinese and English can you name? Part II Lexical ComparisonLexical Equivalence (词汇偶合)词汇偶合也称语义的对应(corresponding)关系,是指原语与译语无论在意义上还是在形式结构上都十分相似、对应。英汉两种各自的语言中就存在着不少选词、用词上的相同、相近之处。我们把这种语言特征称作不同语言之间的偶合现象。Examples:hand 手 head 头 heart 心television 电视radar 雷达 wheat 小麦医生doctor早饭breakfastblack-hearted　　黑心的;邪恶的castle in the air 空中楼阁add fuel to the flames 火上加油throw cold water on 向……泼冷水lead sb. by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走as light a s a feather 轻如鸿毛as steady a s a rock 坚如磐石strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁Misfortune never comes singly 祸不单行词汇并行(Lexical Parallel)词汇并行指两种语言用不同方式表达同一事物的现象。Examples:犹如雨后春笋 just like mushroomsFish in the air 海底(水中)捞月To put the fifth wheel to the coach.画蛇添足spend money like water 挥金如土laugh one’s head off 笑掉大牙drag someone through the mud 拖人下水tread upon eggs 如履薄冰draw water in a sieve 竹篮打水一场空kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕like a drowned rat 像落汤鸡the apple of one’s eye 掌上明珠;珍爱之物as mute as a fish 默不作声as close a s an oyster 守口如瓶as regular as clock work 有条不紊like a hot potato 棘手问题Lexical Gap (词汇空缺)词汇空缺是指两种语言之间的词语的非对应现象。词汇空缺本质上是不同民族文化的空缺。英汉语言都有各自的一些特有文化现象专用名词,这些特有文化现象专用名词在其他语言里很难找到相应的对等词或契合词,这种现象往往被称之为“词汇空缺”。语言之间这种词汇空缺是一种自然现象，表现为形式与内容的空缺。Examples:生活环境与风俗习惯：Salad，pizza，粽子，饺子吃闲饭（lead an idle life）吃不消（more than one can stand）炕，旗袍，B．宗教信仰： As wise as Solomon 像所罗门一样聪明 Devout as Abraham 像亚伯拉罕那样虔诚 As patient as Job 像约伯那样耐心承受 Forbid