ECOLOGY holyghostprep生态holyghostprep.pptx

ECOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BIOSPHERE Combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS POPULATIONS COMMUNITIES ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES FOOD CHAINS FOOD WEBS TROPHIC LEVELS BIOMASS PYRAMID NITROGEN CYCLE HABITAT VS. NICHE BIOTIC VS. ABIOTIC FACTORS COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE SPECIES INTERACTIONS ***Predation ***Symbiosis ***Mutualism ***Commensalism ***Parasitism PREDATION SYMBIOSIS MUTUALISM COMMENSALISM PARASITISM HUMMINGBIRD/FLOWER SEA ANEMONE /CRAB WASP LARVAE/HORNWORM PRIMARY SUCCESSION SECONDARY SUCCESSION OCEAN PHOTIC AND APHOTIC ZONES ***BENTHOS*** POPULATION DENSITY ***CARRYING CAPACITY*** DENSITY INDEPENDENT DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION DROUGHT CLIMATE EXTREMES HUMAN IDSTURBANCE COMPETITION PARASITISM DISEASE RENEWABLE VS. NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES SUSTAINABLE USE: Use of natural resources at a rate which does not deplete them BIODIVERSITY The sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere HABITAT FRAGMENTATION Splitting of ecosystems INVASIVE SPECIES BIOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION OZONE LAYER