Effects of Running Speed on a Probabilistic Stress Fracture运行速度对一个概率应力断裂的影响.pptxVIP

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Effects of Running Speed on a Probabilistic Stress Fracture运行速度对一个概率应力断裂的影响.pptx

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“Effects of Running Speed on a Probabilistic Stress Fracture Model”W. Brent Edwards. Clinical Biomechanics. 2010. Ellen Vanderburgh HSS 409 4/21/10 Stress Fractures: What are They? Over-use injury Cumulative mechanical trauma to bone or muscle Muscle strain causes bone damage Small crack within bone Starts as microcrack and becomes macrocrack “crack driving force” is greater than crack resistance Cannot repair damage In lower extremities-occur in load bearing bones Metatarslas, femur, fibula and tibia 15-20% overuse injuries tibial Who is at Risk? Athletes involved in repetitive, weight bearing, lower body activity Ex: Runners Low bone density Bone cannot repair Common in women Female triad: abnormal eating, excessive exercising, amenorrhea Poor footwear Abrupt training increase Predicting Tibial Stress Fracture Probability with Biomechanics Crack driving force increases with loading magnitude (intensity) and crack length Increases in speed Increases in running cycles (aka strides) High magnitude loading increases rate of microcracks- bone repair process cannot “catch up” Crack resistance is less than crack driving force Must identify loading patterns that cause bone strain Loading magnitude, loading cycles, bone repair process, ground reaction forces, adaptation to activity Purpose and Hypothesis of Study Determine influence of running speed on the probability of tibial stress fracture during a new running regimen Approximately 100 days “Reducing running speed would decrease tibial strain enough to negate detrimental increased number of loading cycles associated with the reduction” Prediction model!! Use tibial strain measurement to predict relative risk for tibial fracture Strain = Fracture risk Subjects 10 males Mean age=24.9 Mean mass=70.1 All participated in running or athletic activity on weekly basis Injury free Prior to study, no physical activity for 3 months Methods Established joint center locations Anthropometric measurements and retror