Exploring the Value of Prediction in an Artificial Stock预测人工股票的价值.pptVIP

下载本文档

2
0
约6.86千字
约 25页
2017-02-14 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Exploring the Value of Prediction in an Artificial Stock预测人工股票的价值.ppt

1、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Constructivism -v- RealismIs knowledge a reflection of an outside reality or constructed by us? MRes Philosophy of Knowledge: Session 3 (slides available at /mres) Part 1: Some Key Ideas 3 Layers of the World? The Real The mechanisms, powers, tendencies etc. which science seeks to discover The Actual Flows or sequences of events which may be produced in experiments or elsewhere (presumably as a result of the real) The Observable That part of the actual which happens to be observed Realism A strong form: there is an objective reality independent of the observer and theories directly reflect this An intermediate form: there is an objective reality independent of the observer and theories approximate this and are improved over time A weak form: there is an objective reality in which the observer participates and theories capture what is observable of this Some reasons to be a realist Some theories make novel and surprising predictions that turn out to be correct Realist scientists have produced a lot of knowledge that is undoubtably useful It is often sensible to assume things are objectively and independently real Even very abstract and seemingly theoretical entities are systematically manipulated to obrtain intended results The Process of a Science? Constructivism Theories/knowledge about the world are constructed by us in a creative process Thus there is (at least some degree of) choice or contingency about our knowledge Reasons for this might include: Observations are insufficient to uniquely determine theory We can only deal with knowledge through a framework which gives it form (language) There is no separate objective reality Some reasons to be a constructivist Many theoretical entities have turned out to be incorrect (even though the models are approximately correct in many aspects) In retrospect we can see the biasing effect of culture, assumptions, language etc. Theories are rarely constrained down to uniqueness by the evidence Doing science involves being