论学校的安全注意义务.docVIP

论学校的安全注意义务 摘要：近年来,学生伤害事故的频发，则学校的安全注意义务问题引起了人们越来越多的关注。为解决校园安全问题相继出台的《学生伤害事故处理办法》、《关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》、《侵权责任法》等法律法规，但在司法实践中发现问题并未得到解决,因此对校园安全义务仍有探讨的必要性。 义务的来源是法律规定和学校的自愿承担，以学校的具体条件作为判断学校是否具有安全注意义务。学校的安全注意义务是危险的防止和制止作为义务，其涉及面广，从幼儿园到大学。且其内容也广泛，包括：学生的教育、管理行的安全注意义务、教育设施、设备的安全注意义务、外部不安全因素的安全注意义务、不可抗力的安全注意义务、选任、监督教师的安全注意义务。 通过对注意义务的违反造成的学生伤害事故的，适用过错责任的归责原则。学校为无完全民事行为能力学生适用过错推定。 往往对学生造成伤害的主体不单单是学校的，且其责任形式也是多样的，主要有直接责任和补充责任，其中学校只在其职责范围内承担补充责任。学生应根据规定向权利人实施请求赔偿的权利，对学校请求索赔是以直接侵权人无法确定或其补偿能力不足为前提。由《侵权责任法》可知违反责任的承担方式主要是有赔偿损失和精神损害赔偿。 笔者希望通过对学校安全责任的研究，为了解决司法实践中的问题，以促进其发展，为学生创造一个安全的学习环境，提供更全面的法律保护。 关键词：学校，安全注意义务，责任，归责原则，责任承担方式 The Duty of Care Borne by School Abstract：In recent years, student injury accident, the issues of duty of care borne by schools have gotten more and more attention. In order to solve the problem of duty of care borne by schools promulgated the Measures for the Handling of Student Injury Accidents, Interpretation of some Problems Concerning the Applicable laws in Trial of personal Injury Cases has been stipulated by Supreme Peoples Court, Tort Liability Law and other laws and regulations, But in the judicial practice that the problem has not been resolved, so the obligation to the duty of care borne by schools still has the necessity to discuss. The duty of care borne by schools is a liability of act according to legislation，in the specific conditions of the school as a judge of whether the school has the security duty. The duty of care borne by schools is to prevent and stop the dangerous,?it covers a wide range. Not only the kindergarten, primary school and secondary school are relabeled to the duty of care borne by schools, but also university. And it includes: The education of students, management of security attention obligation, external unsafe factors of security attention obligation, and so on. Through the violation of attentive duty student injury accidents, imputation principles of liability for fault .The school without full c