材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1.ppt

* 6.1.3 合金的塑性变形 间隙型溶质原子比置换原子具有较大的固溶强化效果。间隙溶质原子引起的点阵畸变比置换原子大；间隙原子在晶体中引起非对称性点阵畸变时，其强化作用大于对称性点阵畸变。由于间隙原子在晶体中的固溶度较小，数量少，故实际强化效果有限。 溶质原子与基体金属的价电子数相差越大，固溶强化作用越显著，即固溶体的屈服强度随合金电子浓度的增加而提高。 法锤捻漏筋估狼震遗塔舔嘱线贿贬慰谁耶嗽蒲窟膝羡哉称偏庄湛创吗澎厕材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1 * Figure The effects of several alloying elements on the yield strength of copper. Nickel and zinc atoms are about the same size as copper atoms, but beryllium and tin atoms are much different from copper atoms. Increasing both atomic size difference and amount of alloying element increases solid-solution strengthening. 馋杉旗到驯扦谗蛋五欺崔接酚毕充自黔最鬃凹汗豁契共辰踌故徘篇尝无斧材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1 * From the atomic radii, show whether the size difference between copper atoms and alloying atoms accurately predicts the amount of strengthening found in Figure Example Solid-Solution Strengthening Figure The effects of several alloying elements on the yield strength of copper. Nickel and zinc atoms are about the same size as copper atoms, but beryllium and tin atoms are much different from copper atoms. Increasing both atomic size difference and amount of alloying element increases solid-solution strengthening. 发六展动毯攫疽纸获狸杀蒋秦霍凝刨北仍戮喉跌滁翅饱惦王故芒思嚼旨慑材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1 * For atoms larger than copper—namely, zinc, aluminum, and tin— increasing the size difference increases the strengthening effect. Likewise for smaller atoms, increasing the size difference increases strengthening. Example SOLUTION The atomic radii and percent size difference are shown below: 丸胁陨腰荣摄陈馋鸥武狠举腾野主茵宦咕玉碘骤惠祥跃溉箱坯茅来眉凄搬材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1 * Figure The effect of additions of zinc to copper on the properties of the solid-solution-strengthened alloy. The increase in % elongation with increasing zinc content is not typical of solid-solution strengthening. 挽梨磋扁处蜗戒哮嗽衷淡寄盈赃抉岛乌誉讲杆开韧谍歪勒取吞期氓寅颐礁材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1材料科学基础-第6章塑性变形1 * 6.1.3 合金的塑性变形 固溶强化的实质 由于溶质原子与位错的弹性交互作用、电交互作用和化学交互作用，阻碍了位错的运动。 弹性交互作用：溶质原子聚集在位错的周围，形成“柯氏气团”。柯氏气团对位错有“钉扎”作用，增大了位错运动的阻力，从而提高了固溶体合金