第一课语音冠词名词.docVIP

一、语音 1.字母: 英语中共有26个字母. 元音字母有5个: A, E, I, O, U, 其余21个为辅音字母. 音素: 英语语音共有48个音素. 元音音素20个, 辅音音素28个 音标: 记录音素的符号 冠词 不定冠词 (a / an) ①a/an 与one同源, 表示微弱的“一”的概念 但a/an不强调数目, 表示不特定的人或物. ②a 用于以辅音音素开头的词前, 而 an 用于以元音音素开头的词前. Eg: a book 一本书 an apple 一个苹果 an English book 一本英语书 a big apple 一个大苹果 Exercise: 用a / an 填空 _____ orange ______ university _____ unhappy girl ______ European country _____ hour ______ umbrella _____ one-year-old boy _____ dog _____ elephant ______ useful book ③不定冠词的用法: 表示泛指的一个人或物 Eg: I met a friend in the street yesterday. 表示一类人或物: Eg: A horse is a useful animal. = Horses are useful animals. 表示“每一”的意思: Eg: The car is running at 100 miles an hour. I take exercise twice a week. 用于固定短语中: Eg: have a look, have a walk, have a break have a try, have a bath, a lot of, a little/few, in a hurry, catch a cold 等 Exercise: I bought ______ story-book last weekend. You should take the medicine twice ____day I usually take _____ walk after dinner. 定冠词 (the) ①the与this, that, these, those 同源, 意为 “这/ 那/ 这些/ 那些” ②用法: 表示特指: 上文提到过的且谈话双方明确的人或物; 上文未提过但谈话双方都知道的人或物. Eg: Do you know the woman under the tree? 表示一类人或物: Eg: Edison invented the bulb, didn’t he? 表示地球或宇宙中独一无二的事物 Eg: the sun/ earth/ moon/ Great Wall 用在形容词最高级或序数词前 (表特指) Eg:She is the first to get to school every day. Of all the subjects, math is the most difficult. 用于西方五乐器前. Eg:She can play the piano. 用于形容词或分词前, 表示一类人或事物 Eg:The young should respect the old. The number of the injured is about 100. 用在姓氏复数前, 表示 “某一家人/夫妇” Eg: the Greens 格林一家 the Lis 老李一家 用于固定搭配或结构中: Eg:in the morning/after/evening in/during the day, all the year round by the way, go to the cinema at the age of... at the beginning/end of... on the left/right, in the beginning/end the + 比较级 + 其他, the + 比较级 + 其他 Exercise: That is ____ interesting book. I bought ______ book in Limin bookstore. Open _______ door, please. ______ rich should help _______ poor. He can play ____ Erhu but he can’t play ______ gu