中国解决边界问题的模式.docVIP

中国解决边界问题的模式 摘? ? 要? 领土问题向来是人类战争与冲突缘起的根源之一。纵观人类的发展史，从西 方国家的殖民扩张开始，帝国主义的侵略与瓜分就给许多战后取得独立的民族国 家留下了无数领土争端与边界纠纷，成为困扰世界和平与稳定的重大国际议题。 自新中国成立至今，与邻国的边界问题同样伴随着中国的发展进程。我国是 世界上陆地邻国最多的国家与我国漫长的海岸线一起，造就了中国空前复杂的地 缘战略环境。到目前为止的几十年时间里，虽然中国已与 12 个邻国正式解决了 90%的陆地边界问题，也划定了第一条海上边界线，但时至今日中国的边界问题 依然没有得到完全的解决。如何妥善处理这些边界的历史遗留问题对于中国的长 治久安与和平发展至关重要。 在整个解决边界问题的历史中，中国同一部分邻国通过和平谈判的方式顺利 解决领土和边界争端，同另一部分国家则经历了且战且谈的历史过程。本文主要 研究中国在处理领土争端时存在的模式及其做出两种不同政策选择的成因。 本文试图通过对中国边界问题历史的梳理，从中发现中国解决边界问题中所 存在的某种共性的元素，进而总结并提炼出中国解决边界问题的模式，并使用建 构主义理论中的反射评价作为中国在这一模式中做出政策选择的理论依据，进而 对中国解决边界问题时的现象和做法提供解释，并以此为依据对这种模式所遇到 的挑战提出一定的建议。? ? ? ? 关键字：边界问题、中国模式、政策选择、反射评价? Abstract Territorial issues have always been an origin of wars and conflicts. Throughout human history, from the very beginning of colonial expansion of Western countries, imperialist aggression and dismemberment have left numerous territorial and boundary disputes for many nation states that gained their independence after World War II, which has become an international issue troubling global peace and stability. Since the establishment of new People’s Republic of China, boundary issues with neighboring countries are always entwined in the process of China’s development. China has the most land neighboring countries in the world and quite a long coastline, which has made China’s geo-strategic environment of unprecedented complexity. During the past several decades, though China has formally resolved 90% of its land border issues with its 12 neighbors and also designated the first sea border line, yet until now Chinas border issues have not been fully solved. How to properly handle these historical issues is essential to Chinas long-term stability and peaceful development. In the overall history of tackling the border issues, China has successfully settled territorial and border disputes with some neighboring countries through peaceful negotiations, while experiencing war-and-talk with some other countr