翻译理论与实践_曾剑平_文化词语的翻译.docVIP

文化词语分为文化词(cultural words)和文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases)。文化含义词视其构成和意义特点可以分为三类：（1）切分和归类不同的文化含义词（culturally loaded words/phrases due to different classification），如称谓词语；（2）联想不同的文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases due to different association)，如猪的联想；（3）语用规范不同的文化含义词(culturally loaded words/phrases due to different cultural norms)，如Would you like to have high tea?是邀请你去吃便饭。文化词的处理法：（1）全式借用(full borrowing)，如来字法语的garage, reservoir, detente9缓和）等；（2）半式借用(semi-borrowing)，基本保持原状，只是拼写和发音略作改动，如senenade（小夜曲）来自法语的senerade。（3）音译(transliteration, loan words)；（4）半音译(semi-transliteration)，如tong oil来自汉语的桐油；（5）仿译(loan translation, calque),合成词或复合词可以采取按构成全部意译的办法借用。如蜜月来自honeymoon等。翻译下列句子，注意划线部分的翻译。1. 有个老李带来个八九岁的小姑娘，因为没有吃的，愿意把姑娘送给人家逃个活命。二诸葛---就替小二黑收作童养媳。(Lao Li brought his daughter of about eight or nine years with him. To avoid starvation, he was willing to give the girl to anybody who wanted her. Kong Ming the Second---took her into his house as little Erhei’s future wife.)2.袭人握了自己的嘴，笑的说不出话来，半日才说道：“那是新娶的二奶奶。”---宝玉道：“好糊涂！你说的‘二奶奶’，到底是 谁？”袭人道：“宝姑娘。”(His-ren put a hand to her mouth to hide her laughter, so amused that she could not speak. “That’s new Second Young Mistress.”---Pao-yu cried, “Don’t be silly! What Second Young Mistress do you mean?” “Miss pao-cai.”)3.行者道：“嫂嫂休得推辞，我再送你个点心充饥！”又把头往上一顶。那罗刹心痛 难禁，只在地上打滚，疼得他面黄唇白，只叫“孙叔叔饶命！”行者才收了手脚道：“你才认得叔叔么？我看牛大哥情上，且饶你性命！”(“Don’t stand on ceremony, （讲究客套，客气）sister!” Monkey continued. “Here’s some cake to stay （阻止，抑制，坚持）your hunger.” And he butted（碰撞，抵触) with his head till she felt an excruciating （极痛苦的）pain in her chest. She rolled on the ground, her face waxed and her lips white, screaming, “Spare（饶恕，赦免） me, brother! Spare me!” At that Monkey stopped laughing her and said, “So now you recognize your brother in law, eh? For the sake of brother Ox, I’ll spare your life.”)4.贾母---说：“你替我告诉他（指林黛玉）的阴灵：‘并不是我忍心不来送你，只为有 了个亲疏。你是我外孙女儿，是亲的了；若于宝玉比起来，可是宝玉比你更亲些。’”(The Old lady instructed, “tell her spirit from me, it’s not because I’m heartless tha