cell全【DOC精选】.doc

All the following statements describe bio membranes except: C. Some bio membranes have free edges. 答：C。因为膜是全封闭的。 All small intracellular mediators (second messengers) are water soluble and diffuse freely through the cytosol. 答：错。 有例外，并非都是可溶性的。 Although both ADP and Pi are required for the synthesis of ATP, the rate of synthesis depends mainly on the concentration of ADP, not Pi. Why? 磷主要功能：让酶表现出活性，是使酶快速激活、失活的标志。 Cancerous liver cells can be restored to their normal growth by inserting the gene for E-cadherin. This indicates that cadherin is involved in a. Formation of the extracellular matrix. b. Opening voltage-gated channels. c. Activation of cAMP. d. Cell migration. e. None of the above. 答案：D Compare and contrast the following: (1) Synthesis of N-linked vs.O-linked oligosaccharides (2) autophagy vs. phagocytosis 1、N-连接糖基化在内质网合成，高尔基体加工，且连接的是Asn的酰氨基， O-连接糖基化在高尔基体合成，连接的是Ser/Thr残基。 2、吞噬作用是消除外来入侵的病毒；自噬作用是清除细胞内衰老等残剩的细胞和细胞器。 Currently, there are about 150 G protein-coupled receptor proteins whose ligands and functions are unknown. What research approaches have been used to discover the signaling molecules associated with these “orphan GPCR’s”? （G蛋白跟信号分子的关系） 问：有哪些研究方法？ 答：化整为零，移花接木。细胞A（150种受体可与150种以上的配体结合）。克隆受体基因并转染新细胞。细胞B（不能表达该受体的细胞作为转基因的宿主细胞） Develop an autroradiograph after a two-week exposure…… 重点： 放射性同位素半衰期；酶与受体的关系；P的半衰期时间为14天。 蛋白质的位置正确但无放射性显示的原因： 酶与受体的量可能不够，或放射性物质不够。 启示： 切忌失败之后马上重做，要分析，要反思。敢于尝试是对的，但不要盲目尝试。在失败之后，再一次重来之前，要找出问题之所在。 Describe the experimental evidence that the intrinsic GTPase activity for the G a subunit is important for terminating effector activation. (考酶活性研究的方法) 答：找到结构类似物，采取竞争性抑制的研究方法，看对信号传递的反应。 Gorter and Grendel Revisited. Gorter and Grendels classic conclusion that the plasma membrane of the human erythrocyte consists of a lipid bilayer was based on the following observations: (i) the lipids that they extracted with acetone from 4.74 ×109 erythrocytes formed a monolayer 0.89 m2 in area when spread out on a water surface; and