The Joint Implementation Approach【DOC精选】.docVIP

A. The Joint Implementation Approach Article 4.2(a) of the FCCC states that “Parties may implement such policies and measures [which limit their anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases] jointly with other Parties and may assist other Parties in contributing to the achievement of the objective of the Convention.” [FN62] Joint implementation involves greenhouse gas emissions reduction or sink enhancement projects with participants from multiple countries. It refers to funding of a climate change mitigation measure by one country (or a private-sector entity in that country), while the measure itself will take place in another country. Although much of the FCCC addresses limiting CO2 emissions at the national level, joint implementation encourages international offset projects. Norway, which faces limited mitigation options on its own territory, introduced the joint implementation provisions of the FCCC into the treaty text late in the negotiating process. These provisions appear to allow countries with limited or expensive mitigation options the opportunity to pursue more cost effective emissions reduction opportunities outside national borders. Even after several years of intensive debate on the issue, disagreements *374 remain regarding the structure and format of a potential operational joint implementation program. Practical issues surrounding accounting and monitoring methods need to be resolved, as well as disputes regarding eligible participants and major political disputes about the issue of crediting. The joint implementation debate can be best understood when looked at within a larger international negotiating context. Although some of the North-South conflict over joint implementation and other FCCC provisions arises from philosophical disagreement on how to mitigate climate change, other issues play a role. The recent biodiversity convention negotiations and the perceived failure to follow-through with commitments made at the UNCED conference, in Bra