工程造价专业项目成本控制-它的工作方式大学毕业论文英文文献翻译及原文.docx

毕 业 设 计（论文）外 文 文 献 翻 译文献、资料中文题目：项目成本控制：它的工作方式文献、资料英文题目：Project Cost Control: The Way it Works文献、资料来源：文献、资料发表（出版）日期：院 （部）： 专 业： 工程造价班 级： 姓 名： 学 号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14外文文献：Project Cost Control: The Way it WorksBy R. Max WidemanIn a recent consulting assignment we realized that there was some lack of understanding of the whole system of project cost control, how it is setup and applied. So we decided to write up a description of how it works. Project cost control is not that difficult to follow in theory.First you establish a set of reference baselines. Then, as work progresses, you monitor the work, analyze the findings, forecast the end results and compare those with the reference baselines. If the end results are not satisfactory then you make adjustments as necessary to the work in progress, and repeat the cycle at suitable intervals. If the end results get really out of line with the baseline plan, you may have to change the plan. More likely, there will be (or have been) scope changes that change the reference baselines which means that every time that happens you have to change the baseline plan anyway.But project cost control is a lot more difficult to do in practice, as is evidenced by the number of projects that fail to contain costs. It also involves a significant amount of work, as we shall see, and we might as well start at the beginning. So let us follow the thread of project cost control through the entire project life span.And, while we are at it, we will take the opportunity to point out the proper places for several significant documents. These include the Business Case, the Request for (a capital) Appropriation (for execution), Work Packages and the Work Breakdown Structure, the Project Charter (or Brief), the Project Budget or Cost Plan, Earned Value and the Cost Baseline. All of these contribute to the organizations ability to effectively control project costs.FootnoteI am indebted to my friend Quentin Fleming, the guru of Ea