制冷技术(英文版)Ch2-090528供参习.docVIP

Part 2. The Principles of Refrigeration ( 116 pages) Chapter 2. Thermodynamic Analysis of refrigeration cycle 2-1) The Laws of Thermodynamics and Their Relation to Refrigeration Thermodynamics are primarily concerned with two forms of energy: heat and work. Therefore Engineering Thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation between heat, work, and internal energy. There are two important concepts of thermodynamic analysis: System and Environment. A system （系统、体系）is defined as any quantity of matter or region of space to which attention is directed for purpose of analysis; and everything outside the system boundary is referred to as the environment（环境）.[1,2] （1）The 0th Law of Thermodynamics The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states: 热平衡定律—温度定义 If two systems are each equal in temperature to a third system, then the temperatures of the two systems themselves are equal. If two closed systems (together isolated), with different temperatures are brought into thermal contact, then the temperatures of the two systems will change to approach the same temperature. That is, the temperature of the system which is at a higher temperature will decrease and the temperature of the system with the lower temperature will increase. They will eventually have the same temperature. 热力学第零定律的重要性在于它给出了温度的定义和温度的测量方法。定律中所说的热力学系统是指由大量分子、原子组成的物体或物体系。它为建立温度概念提供了实验基础。这个定律反映出：处在同一热平衡状态的所有的热力学系统都具有一个共同的宏观特征，这一特征是由这些互为热平衡系统的状态所决定的一个数值相等的状态函数，这个状态函数被定义为温度。而温度相等是热平衡之必要的条件。 （2）The 1st Law of Thermodynamics能量守恒定律 The energy of an isolated system remains constant. （isolated system孤立体系= 体系+环境） 这里的环境：包括体系以外的全部—冷源、热源和做功的机械 Fig.1-2, Refrigeration and Heat Pump Within an isolated system, where no other energy or material can enter or leave, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Although energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transferred to work other forms of energy. The First Law of Thermodynamics can be expressed as a mathematical interpretation as