英美文化教程.docVIP

英美文化教程复习资料 知识点：英国部分 英国组成，国旗，国歌： The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The Union Jack is the national flag and God Save the King/Queen is used as the national anthem. 英国语言经历点阶段：he history of the English language has generally been divided into Old English, spoken by the ancient Germans lasting from 450 to 1150; Middle English from 1151 to 1500; and Modern English beginning from 1501. 抵抗丹麦的皇帝：Alfred the Great, King of Wessex 大宪章：The Great Charter The Great Charter is a most important document in England history. It has been called “the corner stone” of English history. The Great Charter provides that the king should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns, which were growing in number and size. 宪章运动In 1837 the London Workingman’s Association worked out the famous document, The People’s Charter The People’s Charter constituted six points: （人民宪章） (1)Votes for all males. (2)Annual election of Parliament (instead of general election every seven years). (3)Payment of Members of Parliament (so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities). (4)Secret voting (so that to avoid bribery and intimidation). (5)Abolition of property qualifications for Parliament Members (so that workers could seek to be elected). (6)Equal electoral districts (so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of the votes). The People’s Charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838, on Newhall Hill. In 1840, the Chartist Movement witnessed the second upsruge. In 1848, the Chartist Movement expericenced the third and last upsruge. 英国两院制 上议院、下议院 (议会) The parliament(议会) is bicameral (两院制), with an upper house, the non-elected House of Lords, and a lower house, the elected House of Commons. The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lo