Chapter 2(A-D And D-A).ppt

2.5 Digital-to-Analog D/A Conversion Resolution: 8-bit, 12-bit, 14-bit, 18bit, 24-bit Sample/Update rate: 16Hz, 10kHz, 100kHz Interface: Parallel CMOS, Serial. Serial SPI Anti-image Filter: The first step in converting an analog to a digital signal is to apply a low pass antialiasing filter, which eliminates above the Nyquist frequency. The next step is sample and hold, which defines the sampling instants and freezes analog value for conversion. The third step is quantization. Then a digital code that matches the chosen quantization level is assigned to the sample, which completes A/D conversion. QUANTIZATION The concept of dynamic range is connected to the concept of signal-to-noise ratio, which measures how easily a signal can be discerned from noise. The large the signal-to-noise ratio, or SNR, the stronger the signal compared with the noise. SNR can be calculated as: Solving this equation for N gives 2N＝R/Q, or 灿布敛钒酶治卑粟黍醒婪占帘意偷伴欠瓶蔑乌坏含思韭汰锥拦翌顷夜轿篮Chapter 2(A-D And D-A)Chapter 2(A-D And D-A) QUANTIZATION EXAMPLE 2.4 An analog signal whose range lies between 0 and 5V must be quantized, with midrange quantization errors no bigger than 6×10-5V, How many bits are required to meet this requirement? Thus, a 16-bit quantizer is adequate. 钩屿敲殿炒复组钱邢鬃龟嚼剧外中豁淆酉涝卫桩档鞭殃蜂琉庙碧以琉缮邑Chapter 2(A-D And D-A)Chapter 2(A-D And D-A) 2.4 Analog-to-Digital Conversion Anti-aliasing Filter A/D Conversion Resolution: 8-bit, 12-bit, 14-bit, 18bit, 24-bit Sample rate: 16Hz, 10kHz, 100kHz 涨俐摘秃踢醛涩讳扎母采近稚神带苏徽卉柜穴庄殿根绣轰蔗再南呈毙卖峨Chapter 2(A-D And D-A)Chapter 2(A-D And D-A) ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION Bit rate, a measure of rate at which bits are generated, is frequently quoted as a measure of A/D converter performance. It is defined as: Bit rate＝Nfs where N is the number of bits per sample and fs is the number of samples per second. For this example, the bit rate is 3 bits/sample × 5k samples/sec=15 k bps Ts=0.2×10-3 s; fs=5k Hz 芝熄堰氓词乎枷稀洒瞧住赦彪齐欣泉袄爷剁迂刽峭节纷胜杂昏消扩饱粹归Chapter 2(A-D And D-