[名校联盟]河南省灵宝市第三高级中学2013-2014学年高二英语导学案21：虚拟语气.docVIP

班级： 姓名： 日期： 一、什么是虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。、 条件句中的虚拟语气 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 主句 与现在事实相反 If + 主语 + 动词过去式 （be动词通常用were） 主语+ would / should / could / might + 动词原形 如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，他们会帮你。 对将来情况的假设：表示将来不大可能实现的情况。 条件状语从句 主句 与将来事实相反 A. If+主语+动词过去式 （be动词通常用were） B． If+主语+were to+动词原形 C． If+主语+should+动词原形 主语 + would / should / could / might + 动词原形 [小试] 指出下列句子是对哪种情况的假设。 1. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. 2. If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 3. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 请观察下面两个句子，注意主句和从句中谓语动词的使用。 1. In the past, if someone had worked for a company for over 20 years, they would have stayed there until retirement! 过去，如果一个人在一家公司工作了二十多年，他就会留在那家公司直到退休。 2. If the trees and flowers had been watered more, they would have grown even better. 如果给这些树木和花草多浇一些水的话，它们会长得更好。 这两个句子都表示说话者对过去事实的一种推测，它们都有一种相同的表达方式，即： 条件状语从句 主句 与过去事实相反 If + 主语 + 过去完成时 主语+ would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词 如： If she had worked hard, Susan would have succeeded. If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made progress. [知识拓展] 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，构成倒装。 If they were here now, they could help us. = Were they here now, they could help us. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. = Should it rain, the crops would be saved. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. = Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 三、 英语中，wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为表示所发生的时间 结构 (1)had + 过去分词； (2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词 过去时(be 用were ) would / could / might / should + 原形动词 例如： I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟