Geographicallyweighted regression.pptVIP

Geographically weighted regression Danlin Yu Yehua Dennis Wei Dept. of Geog., UWM Outline of the presentation Spatial non-stationarity: an example GWR – some definitions 6 good reasons using GWR Calibration and tests of GWR An example: housing hedonic model in Milwaukee Further information 1. Stationary v.s non-stationary Simpson’s paradox Stationary v.s. non-stationary If non-stationarity is modeled by stationary models Possible wrong conclusions might be drawn Residuals of the model might be highly spatial autocorrelated Why do relationships vary spatially? Sampling variation Nuisance variation, not real spatial non-stationarity Relationships intrinsically different across space Real spatial non-stationarity Model misspecification Can significant local variations be removed? 2. Some definitions Spatial non-stationarity: the same stimulus provokes a different response in different parts of the study region Global models: statements about processes which are assumed to be stationary and as such are location independent Some definitions Local models: spatial decompositions of global models, the results of local models are location dependent – a characteristic we usually anticipate from geographic (spatial) data Regression Regression establishes relationship among a dependent variable and a set of independent variable(s) A typical linear regression model looks like: yi=?0 + ?1x1i+ ?2x2i+……+ ?nxni+?i With yi the dependent variable, xji (j from 1 to n) the set of independent variables, and ?i the residual, all at location i Regression When applied to spatial data, as can be seen, it assumes a stationary spatial process The same stimulus provokes the same response in all parts of the study region Highly untenable for spatial process Geographically weighted regression Local statistical technique to analyze spatial variations in relationships Spatial non-stationarity is assumed and will be tested Based on the “First Law of Geography”: everything is related with everything