temperatureregulation.pptVIP

HOMEOSTASIS Ability of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment necessary for life. Overview: Temperature Regulation Cyclic representation Linear representation 共板法兰风管 螺旋风管 排烟风机 防火阀 Temperature Regulation Allows humans to cope with a wide range of environments ?????????????????????????? Mammals are endothermic homeotherms, which is a very precise way of saying they regulate their own body temperature. It is worth noting that not all organisms do so because it would in fact be disadvantageous for some to do so. Furthermore some organisms regulate their body temperature solely through behavioural methods. Temperature Regulation In humans it is the core body temperature which is maintained by homeostasis. Temperature Regulation The thermoregulatory centre in the hypothalamus (subdivided into heat gain centre and heat loss centre) Coordinator Sweat glands Hair erector muscles Arterioles supplying skin capillaries Skeletal muscles Glands Effectors 1. Thermoreceptors in the skin 2. Thermoreceptors in the hypothalamus Receptors Components Hypothalamus (of a sheep) Hypothalamus (of a sheep) Hypothalamus Skin based effectors Skin based effectors Skin based effectors Skin based effectors – responding to heat gain Response Effector The glands secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin. The sweat is composed mainly of water, which evaporates from the skin surface. As water has a high latent heat of evaporation the evaporating sweat removes heat from the surface of the skin. Sweat glands The muscles relax – this lowers the hairs on the skin surface. The hairs do not trap air when laid flat so they allow heat to be removed more easily by convection. Hair erector muscles The muscles relax – this is known as vasodilation. The effect of this is to increases the blood flow to the surface of the skin causing increased heat loss by radiation. Arterioles supplying skin capillaries Skin based effectors – responding to heat loss Response Effector The