专业英语A.pptVIP

English for Civil Engineering Majors Chapter 2 New Building Structure Section A Steel Structure Section A Steel Structure 1. Steel structure refers to a building in which steel plays the leading role. The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framing. With the development of science and technology, the types of steel structure is growing. Steel frame building and space structure are within it. Section A Steel Structure 2-1. Steel frame building consists of a skeletal frame work which carries all loads to which the building is subjected. It is made up of separate elements - beams, columns, portals, trusses, plates, bracing, purlins, etc. Section A Steel Structure 2-2. Beams - members carrying lateral loads in bending and shear columns-members carrying axial loads in compressing and bending, portals and trusses-members carrying lateral loads, plates-members supporting wall, bracing, together with columns and trusses, resist wind loads and stabilize the building, purlins-members carrying roof sheet. Section A Steel Structure 2-3.These elements must be joined together so as to be in position and carry loads without bulking out of the plane. Steel frame structures are extensively used in office, flat, industry, hospital, etc. Section A Steel Structure 3-1.One of the visible changes on steel structure is the remarkable trend towards greater use of space structures; this trend is growing as a result of architectural preference. This is partly due, no doubt, to reaction from beam-column systems of previous decades, but also due to the realization of the advantages of spaces structures. Section A Steel Structure 3-2. Structural engineers realized many years ago the fact that space structure requires less material than the conventional linear systems and that, if properly designed, prefabricated space structures can highly economical in cost. Section A Steel Structure 4.There are various types of space stru