混合工质变浓度热泵系统的研究-Nikhef.ppt

Table of Contents CO2 cooling and the 2PACL method LHCb-VELO Thermal Control System (VTCS). Commisioning results of the VTCS. Conclusions. Why Evaporative CO2 Cooling? Property comparison 2 evaporative cooling principles used in LHC detectors The 2-Phase Accumulator Controlled Loop (2PACL) 2PACL principle ideal for detector cooling: Liquid overflow = no mass flow control Low vapor quality = good heat transfer No local evaporator control, evaporator is passive in detector Very stable evaporator temperature control at a distance (P4-5 = P7) LHCb Detector Overview The LHCb-VELO Detector (VErtex Locator) The Velo Detector VELO Cooling Challenges VELO electronics must be cooled in vacuum. Good conductive connection Absolute leakfree Maximum power of the electronics: 1.6 kW Silicon sensors must stay below -7°C at all times (on or off). Adjustable temperature for commisioning. -5°C to -30°C (Nominal irradiated -25°C) Maintenance free in inaccessable detector area VTCS Evaporator Concentric transfer line VTCS Schematics2x CO2 2PACL’s connected to 2 R507A chillers (Redundancy)  Lots of sensors and valves VTCS construction CO2 2PACL’s Stainless steel piping with: (Orbital) Welding Vacuum Brazing Swagelok Cajon VCR fittings and line components Lewa liquid CO2 pump (100 bar) In house designed accumulator (130 bar) Reinforced SWEP condenser (130 bar) Now commercial available at SWEP. 55 meter concentric transfer line Aluminium casted cooling blocks Chillers designed in house with standard commercial chiller components. Copper piping with hard solder joints Danfoss line components Bitzer compressors SWEP heat exchangers Siemens S7-400 series Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) VTCS 2PACL Operation From start-up to cold operation (1) VTCS 2PACL Operation From start-up to cold operation (2) March ’08: Commisioning of the VTCSDetector under vacuum and unpowered 24 June ’08: After a succesful commisioning of the detector at -25°C, the setpoint is incr