中考英语主动语态变被动语态复习资料.ppt

英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态 A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语 是谓语动词的对象。 B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的 对象)。 被动语态的谓语构成:　 be＋V-ed 什么时候要用被动语态呢？ 在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态： ①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。 ②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。 ③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态 主动语态和被动语态结构的转换： We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned 主语 谓语 宾语 by us every day 结构：主动语态：主语＋谓语＋宾语 被动语态： 主语 be +过去分词 by+宾语 即:、主变宾、宾变主,谓语动词变被动。” (注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语) [注意]①句子的时态不能变。 　　　②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词 by的宾语，要用宾格。 归纳总结方法 　 把主动语态改为被动语态可按“ 、 、 ” 来进行。即： ①变－－－把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语，把主 动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。 　　②套－－－根据原句的时态套用相应时态。 　　③注意－－注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。 例：①Many people speak English. English by many people. ②He washed his shoes yesterday. His shoes by him yesterday. is spoken were washed 一变 二套 三注意 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表 时 态 主动语态 被动语态 1 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+过去分词 2 一般过去时 did was/were+过去分词 3 一般将来时 will/be going to+动词原形 will/be going to+be+过去分词 4 现在进行时 am/is/are+现在分词 am/is/are+being+过去分词 5 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 was/were+being+过去分词 6 现在完成时　 have/has+过去分词 have/has+been+过去分词 7 含情态动词 情态动词+动词原形 情态动词+be+过去分词 8 过去完成时 had+过去分词 had+been+过去分词 9 过去将来时 would+动词原形 would+be+过去分词 在被动语态中要注意的问题 　　一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see, hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要补上to。如： The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. [注意]当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时， doing保持不变。如： 　　 I saw him going into the shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表 主动语态 被动语态 使役动词 make sb do sth sb be made to do sth have sb do sth sb be had to do sth let sb do