考研必备英美概况精讲笔记题库.doc

英国概况 Land and People I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。 2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. 不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。 4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland ( Edinburgh )and Wale(Cardiff). 大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。 Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991. 英联邦是独立的前英国殖民地组成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066) I.Arrival and settlement of the Celts 凯尔特人的到来和定居 Celts were practiced farmers. They drained much of marshlands and built houses of wood.They were iron workers, too. Their languages, the Celts languages, are the basis of the language which is still used by some people in Scotland and Wales. Their religion was Druidism (n.德鲁伊教). 凯尔特人是有经验的农民，他们排干沼泽地，用木材建造房屋。他们还打造铁器。苏格兰和威尔士语就是以他们的语言为基础发展而来的。 ?The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC. II. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871) 1． Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons. In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes. 2．The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen (异教的) English to Christianity. In 597 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. 公元597，教皇格里高一世把罗马圣安德鲁修道院的院长圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，其使命是使异教徒的英国人皈依基督教。公元579年圣奥古丁成为坎特伯雷大主教。 III．Viking and Danish invasions 1．The invaders were the Norwegians and the Danes. They attacked various parts of Engl