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直接引语和间接引语
引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如: She said, I am very happy to help you.→ She said that she was very happy to help you. 2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if 引导。例如: He asked me, Do you like playing football?→ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. 注意:大多数情况下,if和whether 可以互换,但后有or not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如: She asked me whether he could do it or not. He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train. 3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如: My sister asked me, How do you like the film?→ My sister asked me how I liked the film. 4. 直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如: The captain ordered, Be quiet.→ The captain ordered us to be quiet. 注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。 My teacher asked me, Dont laugh.→ My teacher asked me not to laugh. 5. 一些注意事项 (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如: They told their son,The earth goes round the sun.→ They told their son that the earth goes round the sun. (2)直接引语变间接引语时, 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如: He said, I havent seen her today.→ He said that he hadnt seen her that day. 注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。 (3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如: He asked Lucy, Where did you go?→ He asked Lucy where she went. Tom said, What do you want, Ann?→ Tom asked Ann what she wanted.直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即。如:一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时,等等(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语可以不变)。另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等,也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to,也可不变,should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。如: “I want to stay here.” he said. 他说。如:“我想留在这儿。” →He said that he wanted to stay there. 他说他想留在那儿。 She said, “It’s raining very hard.” 他说。如:“雨下得很大。”
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