科技英语翻译的技巧.pptVIP

科技英语翻译的技巧 张乐福 上海交通大学核科学与工程学院 翻译的标准：信、达、雅 理解 理解语言现象（词汇的含义、惯用法、句法结构）； 理解逻辑关系，通过逻辑关系决定其确切译法； 理解原文所涉及的事物，弄清一些特有的事物、历史背景、典故或专门术语。 表达 把自己的理解用本民族语言重新表达出来。 e.g. He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men. 忠实原文，可译为：“他想给他们更多的援助，更多的武器，更多一些人员”；达到语言流畅：他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。 校核：对译文语言进一步推敲 校核译文中人名、地名、日期、数字有无错漏； 校核译文中段、句或重要的词有无错漏； 修改译文中的错译与不妥之处。 科技英语的特点与翻译基本方法 科技文章的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密 大量使用名词化结构 If you use firebricks around the walls of the boiler, the heat loss can be considerably reduced. 广泛使用被动语句 Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenset, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads. 非限定动词 Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions. A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 后置定语 The forces due to friction are called frictional forces. 定语从句 定语从句 1. The atoms of all elements, which at one time were thought to be the fundamental particles of nature, consist of numbers of three more fundamental particles-protons, neutrons and electrons. [翻译1]:曾经被认为是自然界中基础粒子的原子是由多个更基础的粒子组成－质子、中子和电子。 [翻译2]:所有元素的原子，(虽然)它们曾经被认为是自然界中基础的粒子，(却)是由若干个三种更基础的粒子组成－质子、中子和电子。 2. The atom consists of nucleus in which all the positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons are closely grouped together, and a number of negatively charged electrons moving in orbital paths around the nucleus. [翻译1]:原子包含一个原子核，其中带正电的质子和不带电的中子紧密聚集在一起，一定数量带负电的电子沿着轨道绕核运动。 [翻译2]:原子是由原子核和一定数量带负电的电子组成，其中原子核由所有的带正电的质子和不带电的中子聚集在一起组成，电子沿着轨道绕核运动。 3. Different isotopes of an element behave identically as far as their chemistry is concerned, which is not surprising as chemical bonds exist between electrons. 仅考虑化学性质，一个元素的不同同位素都有相同的性质，这一点并不奇怪，因为化学键仅存在于电子之间。 4. Isotopes differ from one another physically in that the masses and other characteristics of their nuclei are different, which is t