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英 国 文 学 English Literature 主讲教师：谭 念 Chapter 9Victorian Prose I. Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859) 1. Life Born at Rothley Temple, Leicestershire Educated at private schools and at Trinity College, Cambridge Elected to Parliament in 1830 Distinguished himself as a Whig orator Displayed as an individual a fearless and admirable devotion to principle 2. Achievements Macaulay’s greatest work and one of the great works of the 19th century was The History of England from the Accession就职 of James the Second (5 vol., 1849–61). Its vast wealth of material, its use of vivid details, and its brilliant, rhetorical, narrative style combined to make it one of the greatest literary works of the 19th century. The best of his essays are models of the comparatively brief comprehensive dissertation of the form employed by Johnson. Of clear and trenchant有力的 narrative and expository style he is a master. His sentences, whether long or short, are always lucid; he knows the full value of a short sentence suddenly snapped out after a prolonged period; and no other writer has ever made such frequent and striking use of deliberate oratorical balance of clauses and strong antithesis, or more illuminating use of vivid resumes. II. Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) 1. Life He was born at Ecclefechan埃克尔费亨村 in Scotland, the son of a stone-mason. He studied at Edinburgh University, but did not complete his degree. For many years his life was a painful struggle, a struggle to earn his living, to make a place in the world, and to find himself in the midst of his spiritual doubts and the physical distress. To make a living, he taught schools for very meager wages; he worked as a tutor, receiving private pupils; he also did translations and wrote articles for the Edinburgh Review and the Foreign Review. In 1826 Carlyle married Jane Baillie Welsh, a writer, whom he had met in 1821. 2. Achievement Carlyle’s The French Revolution法国革命史 (2 vol., 1837) received critical acclaim and steady sale