初三句子成分与主谓一致专题.docVIP

句子结构与主谓一致专题 第一部分：句子类型 句子结构的基本成分： 1.主 谓 宾（结构）：Jack broke the school rules. The teacher had to punish him.（vt. 及物动词）主 谓（结构）： Jack gets up early everyday. （vi. 不及物动词）主 系 表（或系表结构）：Jack looks hard-working, but he is really lazy. (l.v. 联系动词) . 祈 使句（无主句）： Jimmy, don’t stand here. Go to play sports, please. 二. 句子成分…，修饰动词、副词、形容词 三．试分析以下句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语 并注意谓语动词的态： 1. My brother’s best friend John broke his left leg on the way to school this morning. It’s too bad. 2. Jackson has already worked in China since he came here one and a half years ago. 3. Do you often kill some mosquitoes at night in summer? I can guess that Mike and Mary are watching a movie in the cinema at present? 5. I think I am not good-looking, but I can run very fast. Last term I got the first place at the sports meet in our school. 6. Twenty minutes ago Martha came here and took back her camera. 7. I have ordered my dog not to shout at Jessie already. 8. It’s so important for you to learn English well. 第二部分：主谓一致一．主谓一致的三个基本原则： A．语法一致。1.一致原则：主单谓单 主复谓复的基本句子结构中。 2. 不一致原则：特例原则。 a. 不定代词（some, any, no，every/ body, one, thing, where）作主语时, 其谓语用单数。 b. 主语后面有with, as well as, except, like, 等介词引起的人称和数时，其后的谓语动词单复数变化区别处理。 B．意义一致。指主语人称的单、复数变化根据其实际单复数内在含义决定。例如，the police/ public/ staff…，the poor/ wounded…形式上是单数，其内含是指复数，故谓语用复数； 然而news, politics…,表面是复数，实际上指单数，故其谓语用单数。 C．就近一致原则。在一些固定句型中，如there be A and B，either A or B, neither A nor B, not only A but also B的结构作主语时，其谓语动词的单、复数由与动词最靠近的一项决定。 二．主谓一致的9种常考情形： 1．表时间、数量、重量、价格、长度、运算公式等的词或词组作主语时，形式上它们是复数，但应该将其视作一个整体，即“三单”处理。其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如， 1). Three weeks is a short time. 2). 47 and 23 is 70. 2．动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,其谓语动词也相应使用单数形式。例如， 1). To see is to believe. 2). It is not easy for us to learn math well. 3). It’s true that dropping litter anywhere is not right. 3．由and 连接的成分作主语时，要根据其实际含义来决定其谓语动词的单、复数。例， 1). The famous writer and the teacher are coming here soon. The famous writer and teacher is coming here soon. 2). The tomato an