淮山开沟、采收机械设计【毕业论文+CAD图纸全套】.doc

摘要 山药收获劳动强度大、效率低随着劳动力成本的不断提高和青壮年劳力的短缺山药收获的机械化需求越来越强烈，促使对山药收获机械化的研究。本文主要对螺旋式山药开沟机进行研究。主要分析了螺旋开沟机螺旋设备的升降方式、出土绞龙以及输土绞龙的设计，升降系统采用了液压系统，两个绞龙的设计参照了果园开沟机的设计。要设计好山药开沟机要从以下几方面深入研究：一是开沟原理及开沟刀具受力分析，以不断改进设计，优化刀具，使开沟机的功耗和油耗降下来；二是引偏的原因，首先看是否缘于刀具的形状或安装的角度，然后做相应的调整，设计对称结构，以消除振动、跑偏、走直性能差等问题；三是合适的材料做刀具及其传动件，解决其寿命短问题；四是在机架上安装应变片，并将结果显示给驾驶员，以给出合适的前进速度与深度，解决不同土质开沟不均的问题；五是针对不同形式的开沟机，设置不同原理的偏摆装置，可采用位置移动、角度改变等方式改善设计。 关键词：液压升降；开沟机；刀具  Abstract Yam harvest labor-intensive, low  efficiency with the increasingly strong demand for the continuous improvement of the labor costs and the young labor shortage ? yam harvest mechanization, to promote research on yam harvest mechanization. This paper focuses on spiral yam ditching machine. Analysis spiral ditching machine spiral lifting equipment, the the unearthed auger and lose soil auger design, the system uses a hydraulic lift system, the two auger design with reference to the orchard ditching machine design. To design a good yam ditching machine from the in-depth study of the following aspects: First, the principle of ditching and trenching tool stress analysis, in order to constantly improve the design and optimization tool, so that the power and fuel consumption of the trencher down; cited the reason for the partial first look at whether due to the shape of the tool or installation angle, and then be adjusted accordingly, design symmetrical structure, in order to eliminate vibration, deviation, go straight poor performance; Third, is a suitable material for tool and transmission parts, to solve their short life; strain gauge is installed in the rack, and the result is displayed to the driver, to give the right forward speed and depth to solve the problem of uneven distribution of different soil trenching; 5 for different forms of ditching machine, set a different principle deflection device can be used position, angle changes to improve the design. Keywords: hydrauli