第二章细胞的兴奋.ppt.pptVIP

Ionic Mechanisms of Action Potential changes of ion conductance during action potential Action potentials arise as a result of brief alterations in the electrical properties of the membrane. During the early part of the action potential, the rapid increase in gNa causes the membrane potential to move toward ENa. The rapid return of the action potential toward the resting potential is caused by the rapid decrease in gNa and the continued increase in gK. Action potentials differ in size and shape in different cells, but the fundamental mechanisms underlying the initiation of these potentials does not vary. During the hyperpolarizing afterpotential, when the membrane potential is actually more negative than the resting potential, gNa returns to baseline levels, but gK remains elevated above resting levels. model of the voltage-dependent Na+ channel closed open inactivated 去极相： INa激活，钠内流 枪乌贼巨轴突动作电位各个时期的主要电流 超级化后电位： 膜电位复极到静息电位时，IK仍然开放，钾继续外流使得膜电位超级化； 随着IK的缓慢关闭，膜电位逐渐回到静息电位。 复极相： INa失活；IK激活，钾外流 Either a stimulus fails to elicit an action potential or it produces a full-sized action potential. Properties of Action Potential All-or-None Response The size and shape of an action potential remain the same as the potential travels along the cell. The intensity of a stimulus is encoded by the frequency of action potentials. Refractory Period relative refractory period absolute refractory period Conduction of Action Potential Local circuit current Self-reinforcing * chap. 2 The resting membrane potential chap. 3 Action potential 第二章 细胞的兴奋 from Berne Levy Principles of Physiology (4th ed) 2005 chap. 16 Electrical activity of the heart chap. 17 Natural excitation of the heart Observations of Membrane Potentials 4. ACTION PONTIELS 1. IONIC EQUILIBRIA 2. RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS 3. SUBTHRESHOLD RESPONSES 5. 心肌细胞和起搏细胞的动作电位 Observations of Membrane Potentials Extracellular recording Intracellu