【最新】2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十三 特殊句式.docVIP

特殊句式在近几年高考题中所占分量居中，各套试题中至少有一道小题考查特殊句式。主要考查倒装句、省略替代、强调句以及感叹句和反意疑问句。一、倒装 口诀速记： 副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“既不……也不”需倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。not only开头句，前一分句需倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。 倒装分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。实义动词、情态动词或be 动词放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 全部倒装的情况使用场合 例句 备注 (1)there引导的存在句 ①There is a book in the bag. ②There came shouts for help from the river. 常见动词有be, come, lie, happen, appear, seem, stand, exist, live, remain等。 (2)在here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, now, then开头的句子里 ①Here comes the bus.②There goes the train. ③In rushed the children. ④Now comes your turn. ①谓语常是表示方位或位移的不及物动词lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, run, rise等。②主语是人称代词时，不倒装。如：Here we are. There he comes. (3)介词短语或方位词组作地点状语位于句首 ①Between the buildings stands a tall tree. ②South of the city lies a steel factory. ③From the village came a frightening sound. 使用场合 例句 备注 (4)代词such作表语，意为“这样的人，这样的物”，应置于句首 ①Such were the facts. ②Such was Albert Einstein. 主谓一致 (5)平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密 They reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 主谓一致 2. 部分倒装的情况使用场合 例句 备注 (1)so, neither, nor开头的句子，表示“也一样、也不” ①I like sports, and so does my brother. ②If you go, so will I. ③He hasnt come, nor have his sisters. ④If you dont go, neither shall I. ①使用正确的助动词。②当so表示对前句内容的肯定和附和时，用自然语序。如：—Tom works hard. —So he does and so do you. (他的确很用功，你也是。) (2)含有否定意义的副词(词组)，如：never, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, at no time等置于句首时 ①Hardly can I believe that. ②Seldom does he write to me. ③By no means shall we give up. ④Little did I know who he was. little作形容词，修饰主语时，仍用正常语序。如：Little Franz often played the piano. 使用场合 例句 备注 (3)only修饰状语(从句)，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装 Only when the rain stopped did the match start again. only修饰主语时不倒装。如：Only he can do it. (4)not only…but (also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首 Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics. not only