250万吨大庆原油常压塔设计.doc

摘 要 本次设计主要是设计原油处理量能力为250万吨/年的常压塔设计。 常压塔的设计主要是依据所给的原油实沸点蒸馏数据及产品的恩氏蒸馏数据，计算产品各物性，确定切割方案，计算产品收率。参考同类装置确定塔板数、进料及侧线抽出位置，再假设各主要部位确定操作温度及操作压力，进行全塔热平衡计算。采用塔顶二级冷凝冷却和两个中段回流，塔顶取热:第一中段回流取热:第二中段取热为5:3:2，最后校核各主要部位温度都在允许误差范围内。 本次设计结果表明，参数的校核结果与假设值之间误差在允许范围内，其余均在经验值范围内，本次设计就此完成。 关键词：常压塔：塔板 Abstract A atmospheric distillation column, which is able to treatment catacity crud oil 3Mt a year, is designed mainly, and a type of tray and a atmospheric heating furnage are secondary. The design of the atmospheric distillation column is based on the datum of true point distillation of the crude oil and of Engler distillation of the products. The calculation of products’ physical property parameters and the cut conceptual and product’s yields are also based on the datum. The tray number, the feed tray and the side stream with drawing work is to assume the operating temperature and pressure of all the important points of the column and to make the energy balance calculation for the whole column. A two-grate condenser is be used on the overhead of the column, and two mid-pump around on the body. The rate of the energy taken by the condensers from top to bottom is 5:3:2. Finaly, the temperature assumed should be checked up. It is very important. A type of F1 valve tray, which a valve weighs 33g, is chosen. Its outside diameter determined by the vapour load of the column is 4m. The tray spacing is 0.6m,so the height of the column body is 27m.In this section, the most important work is to calculate the hydromechanics performance and the operating flexibility of tray. The tray should be operated in a proper area. A hollow cylindrical pipe furnace is chosen. The VI vacuum residuum are used as the fuel, and in this section, the parameters of the radiant section and convection section is calculated with the empirical formulas. The result shows that the errors between assumed values and the results are in the range permitted or the result are in the range of empirical values. So the design