2013届高中英语语法复习网络五介词和连词.docVIP

语法复习专题五——介词和连词 一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如： ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. ②He quarrelled with her yesterday. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time. ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如： ①This machine is in good condition.(表语) ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 2、介词搭配 （1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用) ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用） ③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用） ④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换用） strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) hit the boy in the face（“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用） ⑤prevent(stop, keep)sb. from doing sth.(“阻止，禁止”意义与from连用) ⑥persuade(advise, warn)sb. into doing sth.（“说服，建议”意义与into连用） ⑦buy sb. for sth.(leave、get、win、gain、lose等“得失”意义与for连用) ⑧tell sth.to sb.(show、teach、sing、write、read等“告知”意义与to连用) ⑨give sth. to sb.（give、allow、promise、pass、hand等“授予”意义与to连用） 注意：⑦⑧⑨可换成buy sb.sth.双宾结构。 ⑩say to sb.(suggest、explain、apologize、murmur、whisper与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest sb.sth.。 同一动词与不同介词搭配意义不同。 for（寻找） to sth. of(听说) on(拜访) look to (眺望) agree with sb. hear call for(需要) at（看） on sth. from(收到信) in(请) 同一介词与不同动词搭配，意义各异。 reply to the letter回信，sing(dance)to the music和……唱（跳），amount to 达到，加起来有……，devote to把……贡献