国外组织行为学课件 皮尔森 ch07.pptVIP

Learning Objectives Define groups and distinguish between formal and informal groups. Discuss group development. Explain how group size and member diversity influence what occurs in groups. Learning Objectives (continued) Review how norms, roles, and status affect social interaction. Discuss the causes and consequences of group cohesiveness. Explain the dynamics of social loafing. Learning Objectives (continued) Discuss how to design and support self-managed teams. Explain the logic behind cross-functional teams and describe how they can operate effectively. Understand virtual teams and what makes them effective. What Is a Group? A group consists of two or more people interacting interdependently to achieve a common goal. Interaction is the most basic aspect of a group. Interdependence means that group members rely to some degree on each other to accomplish goals. What Is a Group? (continued) Why is group membership important? Groups exert influence on us. Groups provide a context in which we are able to exert influence on others. Formal Work Groups Formal work groups are groups that are established by organizations to facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. The most common formal group consists of a manager and the employees who report to the manager. Other types of formal work groups: Task forces Committees Informal Groups Informal groups are groups that emerge naturally in response to the common interests of organizational members. They are seldom sanctioned by the organization. Informal groups can either help or hurt an organization, depending on their norms for behaviour. Group Development Groups are complex social devices. They require a fair amount of negotiation and trial-and-error before individual members begin to function as a true group. How do groups develop? Typical Stages of Group Development Groups develop through a series of stages over time. Each stage presents the members with a series of challenges they must master to achieve the