管理经济笔记.docVIP

管理經濟筆記 Chapter 7 Production Economics 生產經濟學 2006/08/10 P295 ( 廠商的目標 Note：因為TC部分變化；需要進一步了解Cost Function Before we know cost function we must to know production function first ( Production Function For a given technology (exp: automated equipment or skilled workers) ( Cobb-Douglas Production Function 最有名且最常用的function ( Short Run (S.R.) : Some input are fixed (資本)在短期內是固定的 (勞力)是變動的 Ex:訂單多時先考慮增加雇員而非增加設備 ( Long Run (L.R.) All inputs can be varied ( Marginal Product (邊際產量) ( Average Product Law of Diminishing Marginal Return (邊際報酬遞減法則)→生產 Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility (邊際效用遞減法則)→消費 邊際報酬遞減：在短期內有些要素(ex:K)固定，隨著變動要素(ex:L)增加其 遲早會呈遞減的現象 Ex: L 0 1 2 3 4 5 --------------------------------------------- Q 0 10 25 50 60 58 --------------------------------------------- MPx 10 15 25 10 -2 ↑ MPx遞減 ( Production Elasticity (生產彈性) L, K are inputs 產量最大並不代表成本最小 P305 ( Relationship among TP, MPL and APL If MPL 0 → TP is increasing If MPL 0 → TP is decreasing If MPL = 0 → TP is Max If MPL APL → APL is increasing If MPL APL → APL is decreasing If MPL = APL → APL is Max 圖 Ex: MPL and APL 全班有10人APL = Q/L = 80 邊際人NO.1：MPL = 91; APL = (80*10+91)/11=81 邊際人 NO.2：MPL = 69; APL = (80*10+69)/11=79 ( New Economics vs. Old Economics New Economics Old Economics Producing Information Service Increasing returns of marketing Diminishing return Replicable at almost 0 incremental cost Must replicated expensive proc When sold, can sell again When sold the seller cease own Demand side thinking Ex: New Economics Microsoft, Expedia, Customer Inquiring System, Cable TV 符合New Economics 強者恆強，大者恆大(但必須要受歡迎才能成功) Ex: 企管顧問公司不賺錢 中小學補習反而賺錢 主要原因規模經濟，企管顧問公司無法達到規模經濟 2006/08/13 P306 Determinate the Optimal use of Variable Input : Variable input : Fixed input in short run(S.R.) Question : L = ? 才會得到 For the S.R. production process the optional