[中学联盟]浙江省杭州市塘栖中学高中英语必修四教学课件：U2P3 Grammar.ppt

11. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 12. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 13. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 14. Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed * * Unit 2 Working the land Grammar Have you ever seen these signs? parking, spitting, littering, smoking -ing forms 1. 否定形式：not /never +V-ing 2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。 动词-ing形式 the subject 主语 Playing football is my favourite sport. Yuan Longping enjoys listening to music. the object 宾语 My job is teaching. I think it is interesting. the predicative 表语 说出下面句中动词-ing 部分在句中作什么成分。 China is a developing country. the attribute 定语 We heard her singing in her room. the object complement 宾补 She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. the adverbial 状语 The -ing form as the subject and object 1. 直接置于句首 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 V-ing used as subject 主语 2. 用形式主语it，把真正的主语-ing形式移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 It +be +a waste of time doing … 做……是浪费时间的 It be no good / no use doing… 做……是没有好处 / 没有用处的 It be useless doing … 做……是没有用的 It be worth / worthwhile doing … 做……是值得的 It be great fun doing… 做… …是有趣的 常用it作形式主语的句型有： V-ing used as object 宾语 I have just finished doing my homework. The boy is afraid of going out alone. He devoted all his life to increasing the rice output. 1. 接动名词作宾语的常见动词有: admit 承认; appreciate 感激,赞赏; allow; avoid 避免; advise 建议; complete 完成; consider 考虑; delay推迟; deny否认 enjoy ; escape 逃脱,