牛津高中英语模块一Unit one Grammar__Writing.docVIP

Section_Ⅳ Grammar__Writing 定语从句(Ⅰ)：关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 一、定语从句的概述 英语中用来修饰名词或代词，起定语作用的句子叫做定语从句。定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后，且常常由引导词引导。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句的引导词叫做关系词。 二、定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本节主要学习限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起到限制的作用，限制性定语从句通常与主句紧密相连，译为汉语时，通常以“……的”来体现定语从句。 三、定语从句的引导词 (一)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，按其性质分为关系代词和关系副词： 关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose, as 关系副词 when, where, why (二)限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法 1．that的用法 that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语，而且作宾语时可以省略。 This is the book. I want to read it. →This is the book (that) I want to read. 这就是我想读的那本书。 (that 指代the book，在定语从句中作宾语。) Tom is one of the guests. They come from the USA. →Tom is one of the guests that come from the USA. 汤姆是从美国来的客人中的一位。 (that指代the guests，在定语从句中作主语。) (1)在who, which引导的一般疑问句中，为避免重复，定语从句的关系代词用that。 Who is the man that is sweeping the leaves? 正在打扫落叶的那个人是谁？ (2)先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, little等不定代词或由不定代词、序数词、形容词最高级及the very, the only等修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时，定语从句的关系代词用that。 I like everything that you have bought for me. 我喜欢你为我买的一切。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。 At the party, we talked about the persons and things that we had seen in America. 晚会上，我们谈论了我们在美国所见到的人和物。 [考题印证1] 1－1(2011·山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small houses________are built close to each other. A．they　　　　　　　B．where C．what D．that 解析：考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses，在从句中作主语。句意：这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子之间挨得很近。 答案：D 1－2(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone elses fault. A．who B．that C．as D．what 解析：考查定语从句。“that was someone elses fault”是定语从句，修饰先行词something，that在从句中作主语。 答案：B 2．which的用法 which指物，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 His film was about the life of Gandhi. It won several awards. →His film which won several awards was about the life of Gandhi. 他的荣获好几项奖的影片是关于甘地生平的。 (which指代his film，在定语从句中作主语。) David had just bought a car.The car was destroyed in the hurricane. →The car (which) David had just bought was destroyed in the hurricane. 戴