市售混合淡水鱼饲料养分及能量结构分析.docVIP

市售混合淡水鱼饲料养分及能量结构分析 　　摘要：为了解不同小型水产饲料企业生产的混合淡水鱼饲料的质量，分别采用物理检测法、化学分析法以及原子吸收分光光度法对随机采集的15种市售混合淡水鱼鱼种饲料的粒径和粒长、水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、无氮浸出物等概略养分以及钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铜等矿物质含量进行了检测，并对饲料能量结构进行了分析。结果表明，不同小型水产饲料企业生产的混合淡水鱼饲料中水分、粗脂肪、粗灰分、粗纤维、铜等指标均符合要求，但有10种饲料的颗粒规格与标准相差较大，且不同来源的饲料间存在总能（16.09～18.08 kJ/g）、粗蛋白质（23.60%～31.08%）以及钙、铁、锌、镁、锰等营养物质浓度差异大的问题。不同饲料的能量结构相差较大，但均以粗蛋白质与总能的比值（33.14%～42.23%）最大，无氮浸出物与总能的比值（19.99%～34.92%）其次，粗脂肪与总能的比值最小（10.32%～27.07%）。总体来讲，小型水产饲料企业生产的混合淡水鱼饲料品质差异大。 　　关键词：淡水鱼；颗粒饲料；营养指标；能量结构 　　中图分类号：S963.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）12-3150-04 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.12.036 　　Abstract： To examine the quality of commercial feed for freshwater fish，15 commercial feed were randomly collected from the market and the feed particle size， proximate nutrients including moisture，crude protein，ether extract，crude ash，crude fiber and nitrogen free extract， and minerals such as calcium，iron，zinc，magnesium， manganese，copper were detected by physical measurement，proximate analysis method of and atomic absorptionspectrometry， respectively. Additionally，energy structure of all commercial feed from small aquatic feed enterprises was also analyzed. The results showed that certain nutrients including moisture，ether extract，crude ash，crude fiber and copper in all detected feed could meet the requirements of fish. But there were 10 commercial feed had large difference with the standard in pellet size. The range of gross energy and crude protein concentration in different commercial feeds were 16.09 to 18.08 kJ/g and 23.60 to 31.08，and there were obvious differences in calcium， iron， zinc， magnesium and manganese concentration in different feeds. The ratios of energy from crude protein， nitrogen-free extract and ether extract to gross energy were 33.14% to 42.23%，19.99% to 34.92% and 10.32% to 27.07%，respectively， which suggested that there were obvious difference in energy structure between different feeds. The quality of the commercial feeds from different small aquatic feed ente