2015届高考英语二轮复习语法讲义：名词性从句1.docVIP

名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连词可分为三类： ①that（不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。只起连接作用，因此往往可以省略。） whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性。不可以省略。） as if,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） ②what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which ③when, where, how, why Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.谁擦的黑板还不知道。 What he said is not true.他说的不是实话 That he’ll come to see us is really great.他来看我们真是太好啦。 I don’t know why he is absent.我不知道为什么他不在。 The question is whether he will join us next time.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 1.主语从句 ①由从属连词引导的主语从句： Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss. 那个国家是否应该建立核电站…… That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直线传播 ②由连接代词引导的主语从句： What we need is more time. 我们所需要的是…… Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.无论你选哪本书…… Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来…… ③由连接副词引导的主语从句： When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飞机什么时候起飞…… Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到过哪儿…… How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少…… ④关于形式主语 it ▲It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that…重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… It is likely that….很可能 ▲It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信……It is known to all that…众所周知…… （注意该句型的变式：It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.=As is known to all,the earth goes around the sun.=What is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.）It has been decided that…已决定…… ▲It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that… ……是常识It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……It is a fact that…事实是…… 可应用于此句型的名词还有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。 ▲It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…似乎……It happens that…碰巧……It occurred to me that…我突然想起…… It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not. 2.表语从句 可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等等。 The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by