[新课标人教版]高中英语必修一：Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法探究1.docVIP

Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法探究 The Attributive Clause Teaching aims: Grasp the Attributive Clause [自学探究] （SB P28 Discovering useful structures） [要点导航］ The Attributive Clause (1) 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词（或代词）之后，这种名词（或代词）被称作先行词，引导定语从句的关联词被称为关系代词或关系副词。兹将关系代词that, which, who, whose的用法简述如下。 一、基本用法 关系代词的一般用法列表如下： 关 系 代 词 指 代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语 表语 who √ √ √ which √ √ √ √ √ √ that √ √ √ √ √ whose √ √ √ 从表中可以看出，who，that，whose指人，which，that，whose指物，只有which可代指句子内容。who为主格， 作主语；whom为宾格，作宾语；that指人亦可指物，作主语或宾语；whose是属格，指人间或指物，作定语；which的用法则更复杂。例如： The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语） The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略） A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. 用铅笔写的信很难读。（that作主语，指物） Is he the man that sells eggs? 他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗？（that作主语，指人） We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。（which作定语） The two policemen were completely trusted, which in fact, they were. 那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上真是如此。（which作表语，代指句子部分内容） I have that which you gave me. 我有你给我的那个。（which作宾语） This is the book which has been retranslated into many languages. 这就是那本有多种译本的书。（which作主语） 二、主要区别 (1) who/that区别： 指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who： ①当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如： The one who knows me well is Tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。 ②在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如： A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 有位新老师明天来教你们德语。 ③先行词为there be 结构的主语时。例如： There is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你。 (2) which/that区别： 代指物时，一般可以互换，注意：that和which可以互换，但在下列情况下只用that: ①当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。 Is there anything(that) I can do for you? 我能帮你忙吗？ ②当先行词被all, only, little, much, some, any, no, every等修饰时 The only thing(that) I can do is(to) wait. 我唯一能做的是等待。 ③当先行词被最高级，序数词以及the very, the few, the only 修饰时。 This is the best film(that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 ④当先行词指人又指物时 He talked about the teachers and school that he had visited. 他谈到了他参观的学校和拜访的老师。 ⑤在who或which 引导的疑问句中 Who is the man tha