政府和集体退出之后的农村管理问题.ppt

新农村建设与社会资源开发Rural Reconstruction Social Resources Development 温铁军 Prof. Wen Tiejun (wentj@ruc.edu.cn) 中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院院长 Dean of School of Agriculture Rural Development, Renmin University of China 问题一，农业现代化和加快城市化的反思Reflection of Agricultural Modernization Urbanization 所有人口超过一亿的大型发展中国家都有“三农问题”，无论他们怎样模仿西方的私有化/自由化制度，或怎样推进市场化/全球化 The agrarian issues happened in most large population developing countries, when those are in the historical period of industrialization 所有东亚小农经济国家无论工业化和城市化怎样发达（如日本和韩国），也都仍然有“三农问题” Even the industrialization and urbanization have been succeeded, east Asian countries with scattered small rural households could hardly solve the agrarian issues. 因此，日本韩国等以小农村社制为农村经济基础的国家都在工业化中期阶段搞过“新农村运动” Japan Korea has both already carried out rural reconstruction movements in the era of mid industrialization, caused by small households rural economy. 巴西的城市化超过80%，但那是靠大型贫民窟实现的 Brazil’s big slum caused by accelerating urbanization左上-圣保罗贫民窟一角右下-贫民窟的街道左下-远景是城市中心区的高楼大厦，中景是近郊的外资企业，近景是杂乱无章的贫民窟 土地个人化是化解三农困境的出路吗？——墨西哥恰帕斯州的农民起义Mexican Rural uprising (Zapata) caused by land privatization左上-支持起义军的土著老百姓；左下-起义军与老百姓联合自治；右下-头戴滑雪帽的起义军在群众大会上组成人墙维持秩序 印度的城市化仅仅30%，但也与贫民窟扩大同步India’s slum caused by both urbanization land privatization左上-铁路边的贫民窟右下-公路边的贫民窟左下-露宿街头乞丐群体 印度的无地农民问题North India’s landless farmers’ Struggle左上-警察只能使用竹棍；左下-进入大城市的无地农民争抢施舍的热茶；右下-占农村人口1/3的无地农民成为游击队的群众基础） 中美农业条件比较US/CN Agri. Comparative 日本综合农协体系保护三农100年 JA founded in 1900 by government, for 100 years’ serving and preserving small scattered rural households’ agriculture。 图为日本农协在大城市中心地区的房地产与综合商业 JA’s real estate its comprehensive bossiness in downtown NARA 中国的经济地理鸟瞰Bird View of China Economic landscape 资源约束下的差别拉大： 水土资源匹配的平原面积仅占1/8, 主要集中在沿海地区, 工农业经济和城市也集中在沿海平原；区域差别必然拉大，沿海城市地价必然上升。 Natural Resources Constrains Gap Enlarged The plain is only 12% of total territory, so that the agriculture, industry and city can only be hustled in coastal areas…then land price went high region