梯级水电开发累积环境影响评价理论框架.docVIP

梯级水电开发累积环境影响评价理论框架 　　摘要：梯级水电开发的流域叠加累积性环境效应逐渐凸显，客观评价流域梯级水电开发的累积影响并分析其形成机制，对丰富累积影响评价理论具有重要的研究意义，也是流域开发的生态环境累积叠加效应研究的重要基础。本文基于流域重大水利工程建设的累积影响特性、途径以及评价方法等的基础理论梳理和实践特性概纳，重点分析累积影响评价的关键技术和热点问题，提出了我国流域重大水利工程累积影响研究的理论框架及其在实践中亟待解决的问题，并给出对应的完善策略。 　　关键词：累积影响评价；梯级水电开发；阈值理论；时空尺度 　　中图分类号：TV213 文献标志码：A 文章编号2015 　　Preliminary theoretical frame of cumulatively environmental assessment of cascade hydropower development 　　SHI Wanli1，YANG Fan2，WANG Shangyu3，CHEN Fengxian2 　　（1.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin，China Institute of Water 　　Resources and Hydropower Research，Beijing 100038，China；2.Appraisal Center for Environment Engineering of 　　State Environmental Protection Administration，Beijing 100012，China；3.Weihai Hydrology Bureau of 　　Shandong Province，Weihai 264200，China） 　　Abstract：Environmental effects of cascade hydropower development on river ecosystems are largely cumulative in nature，which are caused by individually minor but collectively significant actions that accumulate over space and time.Assessment of watershed cumulative effects of cascade hydropower development with its mechanisms can enrich the theory of Cumulative Effects Assessment （CEA） and provide the important basis of cumulative effects of ecological environment with watershed development.Based on the theoretical and practical theories on the hydropower development including cumulative effects and evaluation method ，the key techniques and problems of CEA are analyzed，and the theoretical frame and practical problems of cumulatively environmental assessment of cascade hydropower development in China are proposed，as well as the adaptive management measures. 　　Key words：cumulative effects assessment （CEA）；cascade hydropower development；threshold；spatial and temporal scale 　　在我国水电开发进程加快、规模不断扩大且呈现出梯级开发态势的背景下，流域生态环境叠加累积性影响逐渐凸显，日益受到关注[13]。梯级水电开发的累积环境影响呈现出一种阶梯式的变化过程，呈现出全局性、系统性、非线性和累积性的特点[47]。从20世纪60年代起，多国开展了流域累积环境影响评价实践探索，大量的河流累积影响研究案例涌现，但是