沼渣沼液穴贮在樱桃栽培中的应用效果分析.docVIP

沼渣沼液穴贮在樱桃栽培中的应用效果分析 　　摘要：为验证沼渣沼液穴贮在樱桃栽培中的应用效果，设置了对照（CK）、蓄水保肥材料蓄足清水并浇灌清水（BR）、蓄水保肥材料蓄足沼液并浇灌沼液（BS）3个处理的大田试验。结果表明，BR及BS处理对填埋沟周围土壤水分的提高和保持具有较强的影响，埋置30天内，离填埋沟60 cm范围内土壤水分含量均能得到有效提高；BR及BS处理均能显著增加樱桃树的短枝率及总枝量，果树营养状况得到有效改善；BS处理樱桃树的单株产量增加21.76%，单果重增加28.89%；BS处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分含量显著增加，土壤营养状况有效改善。与BS处理相比，BR处理的有益作用有所降低，表明沼渣沼液穴贮对于果园水肥的补充效果较好，具有较高的推广价值。 　　关键词：沼渣；沼液；穴贮；樱桃树；应用效果 　　中图分类号：S141.4：S662.5 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2016）11-0100-04 　　Abstract In order to research the application effects of cave storage biogas residue and biogas slurry on cherry cultivation， 3 experimental treatments including control （CK）， reservoir protecting fertilizer materials with water （BR） and reservoir protecting fertilizer materials with biogas slurry （BS） were designed in a cherry land. The results showed that BR and BS treatments had strong effects on the boost and maintain of soil moisture nearby landfill ditch， and that within 60 cm from the landfill ditch was effectively improved after embedding for 30 days. Both BR and BS treatments could significantly increase the short shoot rate and total shoot quantity， so the nutriture of cherry tree was effectively improved. The yield per plant and single fruit weight of BS treatment increased by 21.76% and 28.89% respectively than those of CK， and the soil organic matter， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium were all significantly increased by BS treatment. Compared with the treatment of BS， the application effects of BR were rather poor. Above all， cave storage biogas residue and biogas slurry had better effects on water and fertilizer supplement of orchard， so it had higher promotional value. 　　Keywords Biogas residue； Biogas slurry； Cave storage； Cherry；Application effect 　　目前，在我国新农村建设过程中已经建成了一定规模的沼气工程，产生的沼渣沼液具有集中、量大、连续的特点，很难在小半径范围内将其消化掉，这一问题已经制约了沼气工程业主对沼气发展和利用的信心[1，2]，如何将沼液有效地循环利用已经成为大型沼气工程正常运行的难题之一[3]。 　　沼渣沼液中的营养元素含量较为丰富[4]，也含有利于土壤改良的有机态物质及易于植物吸收的小分子腐殖质[5，6]，因而肥用是保障生物质资源循环利用的有效途径[7，8]。研究表明，沼液的施用能够增加作物产量、提高农产