2-水分代谢概要.ppt

根中的质外体常被内皮层的凯氏带分隔为外部质外体和内部质外体成两个区域。 由于凯氏带是高度栓质化的细胞壁，水不能通过，因此，水分由外部质外体进入内部质外体时必须通过内皮层细胞的共质体进入中柱。再通过薄壁细胞而进入导管。 茑尾根成熟凯氏带 几种常见化合物的水势 溶液 Ψw /Mpa 纯水 0 Hoagland营养液 -0.05 海水 -2.50 1mol·L-1蔗糖 -2.69 1mol·L-1 KCl -4.50 2.2 Plant Cell Absorption of Water 2.2.1 The components of water potentials in the system containing water Following factors can change water chemical potential: solutes, matrix, pressure, capillarity, altitude, gravitation, as a system containing, water potential is expressed with Ψw=Ψs+Ψm+Ψp+Ψg(Ψw=0 for pure water) 2.2.2 The components of water potentials in plant cells Ψw=Ψs+Ψm+Ψp Ψs: osmotic potential, also called solute potential, which is caused by the pressure of solute particles; the effect that solutes have on water potential, no solutes are present and osmotic potential is given the value of 0.0MPa.Adding solutes can only decrease waters free energy because water molecules interact with solute molecules and cannot diffuse easily. Therefore, osmotic potential is always negative. Ψp: pressure potential, which is caused by the addition of pressure and is equal to the real pressure in the part of the system being considered. Ψm: matrix potential, which is caused by the hydrophilic surfaces( for example, those of such colloids as protein, starch, and clay). As plant cell containing vacuole, water potential of plant cell is equal to water potential of protoplasm, and matrix potential is very small, could be neglected. 对于任何含水体系来说，水势会受到体系内部和外部环境因素的影响。一般情况下，改变含水体系中水的化学势(μw)的各种因素都会引起水势的改变。增高含水体系中水势的因素有：①正压力；②升高温度；③增加海拔高度。降低含水体系中水势的因素有：①负压力；②降低温度；③降低海拔高度；④溶质的摩尔量提高；⑤吸附或束缚水分子的衬质。 植物细胞的水势构成 一、植物细胞的水势 (一)细胞水势的组分 与开放的溶液体系不同，植物细胞外有细胞壁，内有大液泡，液泡中有溶质，还有多种亲水衬质，因此植物细胞水势至少要受到三个组分的影响，即溶质势ψs、压力势ψp和衬质势ψm。 　 细胞的水势公式： ψw＝ψs＋ ψp ＋ψm １.细胞的溶质势 植物细胞中含有大量溶质：无机离子、糖类、有机酸、色素、悬