信号处理071概要.doc

第七章小波与信号处理 WAVELET SIGNAL PROCESSING WITH APPLICATIONS 小波是应用数学的一个新领域 80年代法国地质石油工程师J.Morlet提出Wavelet的概念，通过物理直观概念和信号处理的实际需要建立了经验的反演公式。但当时的数学家并未认可-1807年Fourier热力学工程师－Fourier Kingdom 1986年数学家Mayer偶然构造出一个真正的小波基函数，并与Mallat合作建立了构造小波基函数的统一方法－多尺度分析方法及Mallat金字塔算法，小波才得到真正的发展。Daubechies-比利时女数学家－小波十讲－Daubechies小波 近代科学400年来－从复杂事物中寻找简单规律－几乎忘记了非线性用局部线性化来取代非线性，用片面的美掩盖了整体的美。一叶障目不见泰山。自然世界的本性，丰富多彩、神奇多样化都来源于非线性－分形、Fractals-Choas。 1963年气象学家洛伦兹用计算机仿真大气模型，仅忽略了一些看起来微不足道的参数，但结果却大相径庭。－科学别忘记了非线性 小波经过近十年的研究，数学体系已经建立，理论基础扎实，应用广泛。小波分析，时间频率局部变换，多尺度分析，解决了传统的傅立叶变换难以解决的许多难题－数学显微镜，信号分析，数据压缩、模式识别、特征提取。 A General Comment on Information Representation —— A Prelude ( information (((( F(u) Todays computing devices are largely limited to process f(u) type of information. Where f represents the information, and u is a general index at which the information is described. ( examples if index u: time t (speech, music, etc.) position x(still image, etc.) (time, position)(t, x) (video, etc.) other physical parameters ... (index u: continuous versus discrete (index u versus information f: which one is more important (A character of useful information: redundancy. The Notes were prepared based on the following references: J.S. walker, Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis. Notices of AMS, vol. 44, NO.6, pp.558-670, June/July 1997. C.Mulcahy, plotting and scheming with wavelets. Math. Magazine, b9, Dec.1996. G.strangand T.Nguyen, Wavelets and Filter Banks, Wellesley-Cambridge Press, 1996. W.-S.Lu, ELEC 639A Course Notes on Wavelets, Dept of Elec. Comp. Engn., Univ. of Victoria, Jan 1997. ?7-1.什么是小波What Are Wavelets? ( A wavelet is a function ((t) whose average is Zero, i.e., Examples: (Wavelets that are useful in DSP and other applications often possess additional features: (Generate (via dilation and translation) orthonormal or biorthonormal (basis) systems in L2 (Local both in time and frequency domain (Fast Decomposition/Reconstruction Algorithms (Vanishing