番茄、茄子和辣椒枯萎病原分子鉴定及其致病性测定.doc

番茄、茄子和辣椒枯萎病原菌分子鉴定及其致病性测定 杨莹莹1，2，刘波2*，肖荣凤2，朱育菁2 1.福州大学生物科学与工程学院，福建 福州 350008；2.福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所，福建 福州 350003 摘 要：调查了福建省番茄、茄子和辣椒等3种主要茄科枯萎病的发生与症状，通过常规分离，依据Booth鉴定和分子鉴定相结合的方法，对这3种茄科作物上采集的40个菌株进行了鉴定。结果表明，40株镰刀菌中有35株属于尖孢镰刀菌，占总数的87.5 %；3株为串珠镰刀菌，另2株为茄形镰刀菌。进一步利用Koch氏法则进行菌株致病性检测，结果表明尖孢镰刀菌是本研究中所采集的番茄、茄子和辣椒病株的病原菌，而3株串珠镰刀菌和2株茄形镰刀菌均不造成寄主植物发病。 关键词：茄科；枯萎病；分子鉴定；致病性 中图分类号： Pathogen Molecular Identification and Pathogenicity Testing of Fusarium Wilt from tomatoes, eggplants and peppers Yang Yingying1,2, Liu Bo2*, Xiao Rongfeng2, Zhu Yujing2 （1. College of Biological Sciences and Technology , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou Fujian 350008 ; 2. Agricultural Bio-Resources Research Institute , Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou Fujian 350003） Abstract: The occurrence characteristics and symptoms of Fusarium Wilt from the solanaceae crops were investigated and the symptomatic plants from tomatoes, eggplants and peppers were collected in Fujian Province. Forty isolates were obtained and identified by Booths method and molecular identification method. The results showed that thirty-five isolates were Fusarium oxysproum and the rate was 87.5 %, three isolates were F. moniliforme and two isolates were F. solani. And, the results of pathogenicity testing confirmed that F. oxysproum were pathogen which caused wilt disease of the solanaceae wilt, however, three isolates of F. moniliforme and two isolates of F. solani did not caused the wilt symptoms of host. Keywords: Solanaceae crops; Fusarium oxysproum; molecular identification; pathogenicity 全世界茄科植物大约有80属3000种，分布范围广泛，遍及温带、热带地区；我国有24属105种35变种[1]。茄科作物中的茄子、辣椒、番茄、马铃薯等在蔬菜中占有重要地位，是百姓生活中必不可少的蔬菜美食[2]。目前，茄科作物萎蔫病主要有3种，分别为真菌性的枯萎病、黄萎病和细菌性青枯病[3-4]，其中枯萎病和黄萎病这2种病害在植株上表现的症状具有很大相似性，仅仅通过症状难以区分，均表现为植株萎蔫，叶片变黄，维管束褐变等[4]。 由尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）引起的枯萎病，对茄科作物危害最大，防治困难，造成重大经济损失[5]。番茄枯萎病自本世纪初发现以来，在世界上许多国家均有发生[6-8]。该病在我国发生严重，轻则减产10 %以上，重则绝收，给番茄生产带来巨大威胁。王全华等[9]鉴定了黑龙江省部分地区采集的20个番茄枯萎病菌株，均为尖孢镰刀菌番茄专化型。李园等[10]研究表明，北京市平谷地区的番茄枯萎病主要由尖孢镰刀菌侵染所致，同时也可能存在串珠镰刀菌