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1956黄海高程系统Huanghai vertical datum of家高程基准national vertical datum of 1985C/A码Coarse/Acquisition CodeCCD摄影机CCD cameraGISgeographic information systemGPSglobal positioning systemGPS接收机GPS receiverGPS星座GPS constellation被动式定位系统passive positioning system被动式遥感passive remote sensing被动微波遥感passive microwave sensing比例误差proportional error闭合差error of closure，closing error，closure闭合导线closed traverse闭合环导线closed loop traverse闭合水准路线closed leveling line边交会法linear intersection边角交会法linear-angular intersection边角网triangulateration network边坡稳定性观测observation of slope stability边长中误差mean square error of side length编码度盘circular encoders变形监测deformation monitoring(observation)标准差standard deviation标准定位服务standard positioning service(SPS)标准精度nominal accuracy不规则三角网triangular irregular network(TIN)参考基准面reference datum参数平差parametric adjustment侧方交会side intersection测绘surveying and mapping测绘学geomatics测绘仪器instrument of geomatics engineering测角中误差mean square error of angle observation测距误差distance-measuring error测距仪distance measuring instrument测距仪rangefinder测量规范survey specifications，specifications of surveys测量机器人geo-robot测量平差adjustment of observations, survey adjustment差分GPSdifferential GPS (DGPS)差分改正differential correction差分干涉测量differential interferometry常差constant error沉陷观测settlement(subsidence) observation乘常数multiplication constant传播transmittance垂直度盘vertical circle磁方位角magnetic azimuth粗差gross error粗差检验gross error detection大地测量geodetic surveying大地测量学geodesy大地测量仪器geodetic instrument大地方位角geodetic azimuth大地水准面高geoidal undulation大地天文学geodetic astronomy大地网geodetic network单位权方差variance of unit weight导线边traverse leg导线测量traversing导线点traverse point导线角度闭合差angle closing error of traverse导线全长闭合差total length closing error of traverse导线网traverse network导线网traverse network导线折角traverse angle倒垂线观测inverse plummet observation地籍测量land/boundary/cadastral survey地壳变形crustal deformation地壳变形观测crust deformation measurement地壳运动crustal motion地理信息传输geographic information communication地面控制部分ground-based control complex (GCC)地