In Low Income Countries Good Policy在低收入国家好政策.pptVIP

Decentralization in operations: Comoros and Madagascar  Political and Fiscal Context World Bank Response Comoros Emergency Credit (EERC) EERC Performance Madagascar Decentralization ESW Madagascar Decentralization ESW Very low revenue/GDP-ratio (12%) and high share of customs and VAT on domestic revenue Communes represent 3-4% of total government finance; some urban communes gained from decentralization, most rural communes did not Lowest revenue/GDP ratio and highest customs/revenue ratio in the region Anjouan is administered separately Fiscal framework History of pre-colonial, coloni