2013届高考英语二轮专题讲义结构误配型.docVIP

2013届高考英语二轮专题讲义结构误配型 　有许多试题，从表面上看是甲结构，而实际是乙结构；或者命题人考查的是甲结构，而应试者却将其误认为是乙结构；或者从选项来看是甲结构，而题干考查的实际上是乙结构等等。对于这类问题，若不仔细识别，则很容易出错。下面请看几个实例： 　　1. We keep in touch _____ writing often.　　A. with??? B. of??? C. on??? D. by 　　这应该是一个比较简单的问题，你能选对吗？此题考查的是keep in touch with这个短语吗？ 　　2. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had??? _____ went wrong again.　　A. it??? B. it repaired??? C. repaired??? D. to be repaired 　　此题答案是选B吗？考查的是“have +名词或代词+过去分词”这个结构吗？如果是考查这个结构，你能解释理由吗？如果不是，你能说出是考查哪个结构吗？ 　　3. Whom would you rather _____ with you, Jim or Jack?　　A. have go??? B. have to go??? C. have gone??? D. has to go 　　从选项来看，似乎选B、C、D均可以，因为have to go, have gone, has to go等本身从语法上看都是可能的，而最不可能选的就是A，因为have go这结构本身就有点怪，似乎不妥。同学们，你也这样认为吗？但其实正确答案正是A，你想知道是为什么吗？ 　　本节搜集了一些同学们可能受结构影响而出错的典型问题，希望对大家解此类题有些帮助。1.这里为什么要用过去分词 　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _____ the next?? year.　　A. carried out??? B. carrying out? C. carry out??? D. to carry out 　　此题结构比较复杂，语言基础较差的同学可能无法理清句子结构。正确的句子结构分析是这样的：that they would like to seethe next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句，而在这个定语从句中，关系代词that (即指先行词the plan)用做动词see的宾语，所以定语从句的本来面目便是they would like to see the plan the next year。显然，其中的the plan与横线处的carry out有被动关系，故应填过去分词carried out，即此题正确答案为A。2.是protect ... from还是prevent ... from 　　Use an umbrella to _____ you from the rain.　　A. stop??? B. prevent? C. keep??? D. protect 　　许多同学一看到题干中的from，再联系到选项中的prevent，便马上想起了prevent ... from ...这个常用搭配，于是选择了B答案。这样分析的同学，没有完全弄清prevent ... from ...的用法特点。在prevent A from B这一句式中，A和B通常具有主谓关系，如在The rain prevented us from going out (下雨使我们不能出去)中，“我们”与“出去”就具有主谓关系。而上面一题不具备此特点，此题正确答案应是D，protect ... from ...意为“保护……免受……”。下面一题也应选protect：He was wearing dark glasses to _____ his eyes from the sun. A. prevent B. Protect C. Keep? D. stop请再看一例： 　　He was in great need of money, so he _____ $5, 000 for his car.　　A. paid??? B. took??? C. cost??? D. spent 　　许多同学根据pay ... for ...这一搭配推断出此题应选Ａ。但是错了，当然若单独说He paid $5 000 for the car (他付了5 000美元买这车)也没什么不妥，